湿地公园小品设计原则分析     

孙宝娣  崔丽娟  李伟  张曼胤  魏圆云 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(3):8-11

湿地公园小品即指使用于栖息地保护的湿地场所,也能为人类提供某种活动方式,包含科普教育、自然风景观光、休闲散步和观鸟等内容的设施或建筑。它是湿地景观中的一种新的文化类型,其重要作用正日益被人们所认识。从生态保护、功能齐全、公众参与、人性化、文化传播、节能减材等方面分析了湿地公园小品的设计原则,为今后湿地公园小品的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Effect of Groundwater Level Fluctuation on Phragmites australis Evapotranspiration in the Baiyangdian Lake     

LIU Qiang 《湿地科学》2014,(5)

Abstract:Hydrological regimes influence ecological patterns and processes as well as alter rates of wetland evapotranspiration.This study aimed to investigate the impact of groundwater fluctuation on evapotranspiration of Phragmites australis.Supported by field data obtained from the Baiyangdian Lake in northern China,the variations in groundwater levels were explored,and the changes in soil water and evapotranspiration of reed were analyzed to investigate different groundwater level scenarios using HYDRUS-1D model.The results showed that soil water content,recharged by groundwater,remained stable in the lower soil layer but varied strongly in the upper layer of the soil profile;in comparison to evaporation,Phragmites australis transpiration contributed significantly more to the overall evapotranspiration rate;the high levels of evapotranspiration could be maintained when groundwater levels vary between 1.0 m and 1.8 m,while it was reduced with an increase in groundwater levels as a result of water stress conditions.The results also indicated that the evapotranspiration of Phragmites australis could maintain higher evapotranspiration rates under natural water levels.The evapotranspiration,in other words,might be the main water consumer,but it nevertheless has little effect on water levels during water shortages.The evapotranspiration of Phragmites australis responded to the changes in groundwater levels could help researchers understand water requirements of the wetlands and establish suitable water levels for the wetlands.  相似文献   

当前我国湿地保护中存在的问题和保护建议     

杨永峰 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):26-29

基于我国对湿地的认知变化及保护历程,结合第二次全国湿地普查结果,分析当前我国湿地保护中存在的主要问题,并提出针对性建议,主要包括:落实保护红线、创新保护格局;完善法律法规、推进湿地保护绩效考核;实施生态补偿机制、提升湿地造血功能;加强科技支撑及人才建设、建立智能管理体系;宣扬湿地文化,推进社会主流生态价值观形成等。  相似文献   

“建管结合”的湿地生态管理模式     

王守华 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):36-37

近5年来,在林业部门的大力支持下,对玫瑰湖湿地进行重新规划,并在合理利用区实施了一系列的开发建设和保护保育管理工程,使水系得到疏通,水质逐步得到净化,生态环境及动植物栖息地得到很好的恢复与保护,同时也为人们提供了一处休憩游玩的好地方,探索出一条"建管结合"的湿地生态管理模式。  相似文献   

张掖市湿地资源调查与保护对策   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周全民  付宗斌  邓茂林  李晓娟  范旭婷 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):38-41

在对张掖市湿地资源进行全面调查的基础上,分析了湿地资源的特点以及存在的问题,并提出提高全社会湿地保护意识,加强湿地保护法规体系建设,逐步完善湿地自然保护和监测体系,强化湿地保护管理科技支撑,建立健全各级湿地保护管理机构,坚持保护与开发协调发展等对策。  相似文献   

南京市湿地公园建设现状及对策     

吴颖莹  鲁小珍  杜维礼  詹晓倩 《湿地科学与管理》2014,(4):45-47

南京市湿地资源丰富,以南京市湿地公园为研究对象,分析其建设现状,针对管理机制、资金投入和宣传教育3个方面的问题,提出了"注重部门配合,建立湿地保护协调机制,加大资金投入,建立湿地生态补偿机制,加强宣传教育力度,提高全社会湿地保护意识"的对策建议。  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献   

自然保护地社区居民感知冲突的空间响应及形成机制——以西昌邛海国家湿地公园为例     

刘阳  赵振斌  李小永  张建荣  李洋洋 《地理科学》2022,42(3):401-412

以西昌邛海国家湿地公园为例,采用半结构访谈与参与式制图相结合的方法对当地居民进行调查。通过质性+空间的混合分析方法探讨了居民感知冲突的类型、空间响应分布及其形成机制,旨在为自然保护地的冲突管理提供参考,实现人地关系协调发展。结果显示：① 社区居民感知有7种冲突类型,分别为生计保障不足、活动空间压缩、政策措施缺位、情感支持弱化、日常生活不便、环境质量降低和生产经营矛盾,前5种冲突总占比达76.4%,构成了当地的主要冲突;② 冲突的空间响应是居民对冲突关注度和不满意程度的共同反映,总体上呈现出高值区相对独立、低值区连片分布的空间格局,响应水平较高的区域,具有较高的冲突显示度和管理优先等级;③ 冲突的空间响应是多因素共同作用的复杂现象,其中旅游开发程度和生计策略的影响较大,交通出行管理、居住区类型、土地利用类型和房屋修建管理的影响也不容忽视,总体反映了邛海生态建设、旅游开发、政策与制度安排、社会经济等基本情况,分别为冲突响应提供了原始动力、外部推动力、结构性动力和社会性动力。  相似文献   

苏州湿地自然科普现状与思考     

范竟成  李欣  张铭连  朱铮宇  周婷婷  冯育青 《湿地科学与管理》2022,18(1):51-53

以苏州湿地自然教育近10年的探索实践为例,总结了苏州自然科普“阵地+队伍+课程”的经验与成效,指出目前存在人员专业度、稳定性和行业认可度等问题,并提出自然科普专业课程、“双轨制”人才培养模式和校本教材3方面的对策建议,以期为我国湿地自然科普发展实践提供参考。  相似文献   

Pervasive wetland flooding in the glacial drift prairie of North Dakota (USA)     

Paul E. Todhunter  Bradley C. Rundquist 《Natural Hazards》2008,46(1):73-88

This article describes a unique flood hazard, produced by the dramatic expansion of wetlands in Nelson County, located within the North American Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota, USA. There has been an unprecedented increase in the number, average size, and permanence of prairie wetlands, and a significant increase in the size of a closed lake (Stump Lake) due to a decade-long wet spell that began in 1993 following a prolonged drying trend. Base-line land cover information from the 1992 USGS National Land Cover Characterization dataset, and a Landsat TM scene acquired 9 July 2001 are used to assess the growth of the closed lake and wetland pond surface areas, and to analyze the type and area of various land cover classes inundated between 1992 and 2001. The open water profile in Nelson County changed from one marked by relatively comparable coverage of closed lake and wetland pond areas in 1992, to one in which wetland open water accounted for the vast majority of total open water in 2001. The bulk of the wetland pond area expansion occurred by displacing existing wetland vegetation and agricultural cropland. Producers responded to the flood hazard by filing Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) claims and enrolling cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), a federal land retirement program. Land taken out of agricultural production has had an enormous impact upon the agricultural sector that forms the economic base of the rural economy. In 2001 the land taken out of production due to CRP enrollment and preventive planting claims represented nearly 42% of Nelson County’s 205.2 K ha base agricultural land. The patterns obtained from this detailed study of Nelson County are likely to be the representative of the more publicized flood disaster occurring within the Devils Lake Basin of North Dakota.  相似文献